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- *****************************************
- * Amyloidogenic glycoprotein signatures *
- *****************************************
-
- Amyloidogenic glycoprotein (A4 protein or APP) is an integral, glycosylated
- membrane brain protein [1,2]. A4 protein is associated with Alzheimer's
- disease (AD). This responsibility stems from the fact that a small peptide (of
- 43 residues), called the amyloid beta protein, which is part of the sequence
- of A4, is the major constituent of amyloid deposits in AD and in Down's
- syndrome. As shown in the schematic representation below, the amyloid beta
- protein both precedes and forms part of the unique transmembrane region of A4.
-
- +----------------------------------------xxxxxxx-------------+
- | Extracellular XXXXXXX Cytoplasmic |
- +------------------------------------BBBBBBBBxxx-------------+
-
- 'X': Transmembrane region.
- 'B': Position of the amyloid beta protein in A4.
-
- The exact function of A4 protein is not yet known, but it has been suggested
- that it mediates cell-cell interactions. The sequence of A4 from mammalian
- species is well conserved and is also similar to that of other proteins:
-
- - Drosophila APPL (gene vnd) [3].
- - Mammalian protein APLP1 [4].
- - Mammalian protein APLP2 (APPH) (YWK-II) (CDEI-binding protein) [5].
-
- We have derived two patterns specific to these proteins, the first one is a
- perfectly conserved octapeptide located in the beginning of the extracellular
- domain; the second is a conserved octapeptide located at the C-terminal end of
- the cytoplasmic domain.
-
- -Consensus pattern: G-[VT]-E-[FY]-V-C-C-P
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Consensus pattern: G-Y-E-N-P-T-Y-[KR]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Patterns and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Dyrks T., Weidemann A., Multhaup G., Salbaum J.M., Lemaire H.-G.,
- Kang J., Muller-Hill B., Masters C.L., Beyreuther K.
- EMBO J. 7:949-957(1988).
- [ 2] Ashall F., Goate A.M.
- Trends Biochem. Sci. 19:42-45(1994).
- [ 3] Rosen D.R., Martin-Morris L., Luo L., White K.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:2478-2482(1989).
- [ 4] Wasco W., Bupp K., Magendantz M., Gusella J.F., Tanzi R.E., Solomon F.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87:10758-10762(1992).
- [ 5] Sprecher C.A., Grant F.J., Grimm G., O'Hara P.J., Norris F.,
- Norris K., Foster D.C.
- Biochemistry 32:4481-4486(1993).
-